Histological grading is a good parameter to stratify tumors according to their biological aggressiveness. The Elston and Ellis grading method in humans, invasive ductal breast carcinomas and other invasive tumors are routinely used. The aims of this study were classification of mammary gland tumors and also application of a human grading method in canine mammary carcinoma. The samples included 37 tumors of mammary glands. Mammary tumors were carcinomas (n=32) and sarcomas (n=5). The carcinomas were classified as simple carcinoma 56.8% (n=21), complex carcinoma 13.5% (n=5), carcinoma arising from benign tumor 10.8% (n=4) and special type of carcinoma 5.4% (n=2). Out of 32 carcinomas studied, 37.5% (n=12) grade I, 46.9% (n=15) grade II and 15.6% (n=5) grade III. This study demonstrated that the Elston and Ellis method of histological grading in canine mammary tumor is a reliable prognostic factor which is correlated with histopathological classification.

Ovarian cancer management during pregnancy is a topic of limited research due to low occurrence rates of Malignant adnexal tumors. To shed further light on this issue, we present a case series of 22 pregnant ovarian cancer patients referred to an academic hospital's gynecology oncology department over six years. Data on each patient's demographic and clinical background were collected using a registry software recording surgical tumor staging, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). According to the data analysis reports, subtype epithelial tumor and germ cell pathology were equally 45. 4%. However, sex-cord tumors were observed in a smaller percentage of cases (9. 1%). Serous adenocarcinoma was the most common subtype among those with epithelial tumors (60%). Meanwhile, 72. 7% of these pregnant women had a palpable mass in physical examination. In addition, adnexal mass was detected in 95. 4% of ultrasonography. Due to the young age of the patients, fertility-preserving surgery was performed on 63. 6% of patients, and chemotherapy was prescripted on 59% of patients. Over a six-year follow-up period, there was a recurrence rate of 22. 7%, while DFS and OS were reported as 56% and 82%, respectively. In conclusion, treatment of ovarian malignancies during pregnancy requires an experienced multidisciplinary approach. However, more extensive studies with larger samples are needed to gain more insight into the treatment of ovarian cancer during pregnancy.

Background/Objective: The gray scale sonography (GSS) in initial studies and color Doppler sonography in more recent studies have been used for evaluation of parotid tumors. The objective of this study is to evaluate the validity of triplex sonography, i.e., GSS, color Doppler mapping (CDM) and spectral Doppler sonography (SDS) to differentiate the Malignant from benign parotid tumors.Patients and Methods: Fifty parotid tumors were evaluated. On GSS the tumor margin was evaluated and divided into "well-defined" and "ill-defined." On CDM, tumors vascularity was divided into two groups of "hypovascular" (≤2 arteries) and "hypervascular" (>2 arteries). On SDS, the peak systolic velocity (PSV) of tumor arterial blood flow was measured. The diagnostic indices (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value) of GSS, CDM and SDS findings alone and in combination were calculated, considering the histopathology results as the gold standard. For PSV, we used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and calculated the area under the ROC curve.Results: After excisional biopsy and histopathologic examination, 18 out of 50 tumors were Malignant and 32 were benign. The sensitivity and specificity of the GSS was 77.8% and 90.6%, respectively. These diagnostic indices for CDM were 83.3% and 87.5%, respectively. The mean±SD PSV was significantly higher in Malignant tumors than in benign ones (40.1±9.9 vs 19.1±4.9 cm/s) (p<0.0001). For PSV, the area under the ROC curve was 0.98; with a cut-off point of ≥24 cm/s; the sensitivity was 100% and the specificity was 81.2%. With a cut-off point of ≥29 cm/s for PSV, the sensitivity was 83.3% and the specificity was 100%. Using a cut-off value of 27.5 cm/s for PSV, the sensitivity and specificity of this modality for differentiation of Malignant tumors were 88.9% and 96.9%, respectively. Combining the results of triplex sonography in a scoring system showed a little improvement in the diagnostic indices.Conclusion: The PSV alone and combination of the GSS, CDM and SDS findings are sensitive and specific methods in differentiation of Malignant parotid tumors from benign diseases.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a widespread pathogen that is found in milk, saliva, urine, cervical secretions, and semen fluid. It is supposed that CMV is a risk factor for breast cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of CMV among benign and Malignant breast tumors. Paraffin embedded breast carcinoma (n=24) and fibroadenoma (n=24) samples were collected from Toos and Firoozgar hospitals in Tehran, Iran, during the year 2012. PCR technique was used to detect CMV genome in the samples following the DNA extraction. Out of 24 carcinoma samples, 2 (8.3%) were positive for CMV, while no CMV positive sample was found among fibroadenoma tumors. Statistic analysis showed no significant correlation between this virus and formation of either benign or Malignant tumors of breast. The role of CMV in a number of human cancers has been shown during the past decade. This study shows no relationship between CMV infection and breast benign and Malignant tumors. However, future studies are needed to better understand the role of this virus in formation of breast tumors.

Background: Proteomics is considered a new era in neurophysiological/ neuropathological research including brain tumors. Gliomas which are derived from glial cells are the most common type of brain tumor in humans. Methods: In the present study the total protein content of healthy cells of the brain and brain tumor cells was extracted, purified and quantified by Bradford assay. Two-dimensional electrophoresis were used for protein separation followed by statistical analysis. Primary protein detection was performed based on the differences in isoelectric pH, molecular weight of proteins and protein data banks, which was further confirmed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry (MS). Results: Our results showed elevated levels of beta-actin protein expression in glioma brain tumor cells. It is important to know when a cell is transformed and when it becomes Malignant. Here we evaluated the beta-actin expression in Malignant cells. Conclusion: Since structural changes are highly involved in tumor cell malignancy, beta-actin elevations can contribute in glioma tumor cell invasiveness.